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  1. Novation must be stated in clear and unequivocal terms to extinguish an obligation. It cannot be presumed and may be implied only if the old and new contracts are incompatible on every point.

  2. Apr 3, 2019 · NOVATION. Article 1291. Obligations may be modified by: (1) Changing their object or principal conditions; (2) Substituting the person of the debtor; (3) Subrogating a third person in the rights of the creditor. By: Kristia Capio. Artikulo 1291. Ang obligasyon ay maaring mabago ng: (1) Pagbabago ng bagay o ng pangunahing kondisyon;

  3. The essential elements of a cause of action are: (a) the existence of a legal right in favor of the plaintiff; (b) a correlative legal duty of the defendant to respect such right; and ( c) an act or omission by such defendant in violation of the right of the plaintiff with a resulting injury or damage to the plaintiff for which the latter may ...

  4. Novation as mode of extinguishing obligations. According to the Article 1231 of the Civil Code, the following are modes of extinguishing obligations: (1) By payment or performance; (2) By the loss of the thing due; (3) By the condonation or remission of the debt;

  5. Novation is not a ground under the law to extinguish criminal liability. Article 89 (on total extinguishment) 16 and Article 94 (on partial extinguishrnent) 17 of the Revised Penal Code list down the various grounds for the extinguishment of criminal liability.

  6. Novation in the Civil Code is found in Article 1291, which provides that novation arises when there is a substitution of an obligation by a subsequent one that extinguishes the first, either by changing the object or the principal conditions, or by substituting the person of the debtor, or by subrogating a third person in the rights of the ...

  7. On May 14, 1993, appellant then Far East Bank and Trust Company (appellant bank, for brevity) approved the renewal of appellee GTI Sportswear Corporation's Omnibus Credit Line (OCL) with a total amount of P35,000,000.00.