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Main diamond producing countries. Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic.
Get to know all you need about diamond – the history, facts, quality factors, treatments, imitations and much more here at GIA. Gem Encyclopedia Birthstones
Jun 10, 2024 · A diamond is a mineral composed of pure carbon. It is the hardest naturally occurring substance known; it is also the most popular gemstone. Because of their extreme hardness, diamonds have a number of important industrial applications.
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Diamond is the only gem made of a single element: It is typically about 99.95 percent carbon. The other 0.05 percent can include one or more trace elements, which are atoms that aren’t part of the diamond’s essential chemistry.
Diamonds are one of the best-known and most sought-after gems, and they have been used as decorative items since ancient times. The hardness of diamond and its high dispersion of light —giving the diamond its characteristic "fire"—make it useful for industrial applications and desirable as jewelry.
Diamond also has special optical properties such as a high index of refraction, high dispersion, and an adamantine luster. These properties help make diamond the world's most popular gemstone and enable it to be used in specialty lenses where durability and performance are required.
Diamond is the most romanticized and heavily marketed of all gemstones. Nearly every jewelry establishment handles diamonds, even if it has no other gemstones in stock. The annual world production of diamonds is on the order of 10 tons.
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Diamonds have a long history as beautiful objects of desire. In the first century AD, the Roman naturalist Pliny stated: “Diamond is the most valuable, not only of precious stones, but of all things in this world.” A diamond has to go through a lot before it reaches the jeweler’s display case.
