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3 days ago · Welcome to the Open Access Surveying Library. Material Organization. Subject matter is arranged by Topic in the Open Access menu. Selecting a Topic lists its Chapters which in turn are further divided into Sections. Most Topics include Self-Study problems. Content is evolving and will be added as time permits.
5 days ago · In plane surveying, forward azimuths are converted to back azimuths, and vice versa, by adding or subtracting 180°. For example, If the azimuth of OA is 70°, the azimuth of AO is 70°+180° = 250°. If the azimuth of OC is 235°, the azimuth of CO is 235° - 180° = 55°.
4 days ago · Introduction to the subject of surveying as it pertains to the field of civil engineering. Includes measurement of distances, leveling, profiling and grade calculations, measurement of angles, remote elevations, and traverse closure.
3 days ago · The Surveying Technology AAS program will teach the students the basic surveying principles, mathematics, and operations of land surveying. Students will learn traverse and other computations used in route surveying, boundary surveying, topographic mapping, and construction surveying.
3 days ago · Characteristics of the survey respondents are summarized for Year 1 and Year 2 sessions in Tables S1 and S2, respectively. 2.5 Statistical analysis procedures We used descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and range to analyze data from Objectives 1 and 2.
3 days ago · The elementary geodesic problem on the auxiliary sphere. This is the sine rule of spherical trigonometry relating two sides of the triangle NAB (see Fig. 4), NA = 1 ⁄ 2 π − β 1 , and NB = 1 ⁄ 2 π − β 2 and their opposite angles B = π − α 2 and A = α 1 .
3 days ago · This study aimed to determine the assessment tools, strategies, and challenges that teachers encounter during online learning. The researchers conducted an online and face-to-face survey that consisted of 75 questions to 50 online teachers who were selected through convenience sampling from seven public and private elementary schools.
