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Chemoreceptors are special nerve cells that detect changes in the chemical composition of the blood and send information to the brain to regulate cardiovascular and respiratory functions. There are two major types, which are peripheral and central chemoreceptors. The main peripheral chemoreceptors are the aortic and carotid bodies.
In physiology, a chemoreceptor detects changes in the normal environment, such as an increase in blood levels of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) or a decrease in blood levels of oxygen (hypoxia), and transmits that information to the central nervous system which engages body responses to restore homeostasis .
The main chemoreceptors involved in respiratory feedback are: Central chemoreceptors: These are located on the ventrolateral surface of medulla oblongata and detect changes in the pH of spinal fluid. They can be desensitized over time from chronic hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) and increased carbon dioxide.
Central chemoreceptors, first localized to areas on the ventral surface of the medulla, now are thought to be present in many locations within the brainstem, cerebellum, hypothalamus and midbrain ( 133, 143, 144, 158, 166, 226, 257 ).
May 27, 2024 · There are two kinds of respiratory chemoreceptors: arterial chemoreceptors, which monitor and respond to changes in the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the arterial blood, and central chemoreceptors in the brain, which respond to changes in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in their immediate environment.
May 19, 2022 · Chemoreceptors are stimulated by a change in the chemical composition of their immediate environment. There are many types of chemoreceptor spread throughout the body which help to control different processes including taste, smell and breathing.
Chemoreceptors in the alveolar walls do not induce normal quiet respiration. Rather than blood gases or pH, their effective stimuli are phenyl diguanide and serotonin. These substances reflexly induce expiratory apnoea followed by hyperpnoea, suggesting that the receptors have a protective rather than a respiratory function.
Dec 18, 2018 · Chemoreceptors are proteins or protein complexes that bind molecules detected at distance and generally at low concentration (olfaction) or molecules detected at proximity and often at higher concentrations (gustation), respectively volatile and not volatile for organisms living in the aerial phase.
Jan 1, 2004 · Peripheral chemoreceptors (carotid and aortic bodies) detect changes in arterial blood oxygen and initiate reflexes that are important for maintaining homeostasis during hypoxemia. This mini-review...
Chemoreceptors. Peripheral chemoreceptors ( carotid and aortic bodies) and central chemoreceptors (medullary neurons) primarily function to regulate respiratory activity. This is an important mechanism for maintaining arterial blood PO 2, PCO 2, and pH within appropriate physiological ranges.
